| 1421 |
6 January |
Henry V and Catherine spend Epiphany at Rouen, demanding more
money from the Norman Estates. |
| |
End of January |
Henry V and Catherine travel to Calais, and thence to Dover,
where they are greeted with near hysterical joy. |
| |
23 February |
Catherine de Valois is crowned Queen of England by the Archbishop
of Canterbury. They proceed on progress, visiting St. Albans, Bristol, through
Herefordshire to Shrewsbury, to York and Lincoln in the North, and Norwich
and King's Lynn in East Anglia. |
| |
22 March |
Duke Clarence, against the advice of Sir Gilbert Umfraville
(Henry's Marshal of France) and the Earl of Huntingdon, set's off from his
dinner, without his archers, and attacks an Armagnac army at Bague. The
Armangacs, along with some Scotsmen under the Earls of Buchan and Wigtown,
counter charge, and the English are defeated. Duke Clarence is slain, along
with Umfraville and de Roos, the Earls of Huntingdon and Somerset are captured.
The Earl of Salisbury, who was bringing up the rear, rescues what survivors
there are, and recovers Clarence's body. |
| |
|
The Dauphin Charles makes the Earl of Buchan the Constable of
France. |
| |
April |
Henry V receives the news of the defeat and death of Duke Clarence. |
| |
May |
Parliament, meeting at Westminster, votes a tax of a fifteenth,
together with a tenth from the clergy. |
| |
June |
Henry V lands at Calais with 4,000 troops, and marches to Paris
to relieve the Duke of Exeter. He takes Dreaux, marches south into the Beauce
and takes Vendome and Beaugency, then camps for three days before Orleans.
He can't take it with his army, so he decamps, and marches north taking
Villeneuve-le-Roy and Rougemont, where he hangs the entire garrison and
destroys the buildings. |
| |
October |
Henry V lays siege to Meaux. During a long siege a sixteenth
part of the English army died of disease. Henry himself falls ill, and doctors
are sent for from England. |
| |
6 December |
Queen Catherine bears a son, the future Henry VI, at Windsor. |
| 1422 |
9 March |
The town of Meaux surrenders to Henry V. The garrison withdraws
into the Market, a fortified suburb, and holds out. |
| |
10 May |
The garrison of Meaux surrenders to Henry V. The commander,
the Bastard of Varus, is hanged. Henry V returns to Paris, gravely ill. |
| |
10 August |
On route to Cosne-sur-Loire Henry V finds himself unable to
ride. He is transported by horse litter to Vincennes, which he reaches on
10 August. Feeling himself dying, he appoints his brother John, Duke of
Bedford, as provisional Regent of France (provided that Philippe de Bourgogne
does not want it) and guardian of the young Henry VI, and makes Gloucester
the Regent of England. |
| |
31 August |
Henry V, king of England, dies at Vincennes, at the age of 35. |
| |
October |
Charles VI, King of France dies. |
| 1423 |
|
Anglo-Burgundian forces take Le Crotoy |
| |
|
The Duke of Norfolk and Jean de Luxembourg defeat Poton de Xaintrailles. |
| |
April |
John, Duke of Bedford, Philippe, Duc de Bourgogne, and Jean
Duc de Bretagne meet in Amiens and sign a treaty of 'brotherhood and union
for as long as we live' and pledging to work towards the Dauphin's final
overthrow. De Bourgogne and de Bretagne make a side agreement to remain
friends if either should abandon Bedford. |
| |
May |
John, Duke of Bedford and Regent of France, marries Anne, the
sister of Philippe le Bon, Duc de Bourgogne. It is a purely political match
which turns into a notably happy marriage. |
| |
29 July |
The Earl of Salisbury defeats a Dauphinist army at Cravant. |
| 1424 |
|
The Earl of Suffolk retakes Ivry. |
| |
|
Duke Humphrey of Gloucester, Protector of England, invades Hainault,
Holland, and Zeeland, which he claim by right of having married the Countess,
with 5,000 men. The expidition is a complete failure, and Humphrey returns
to England, having suceeded in only one thing, thouroughly angering Philippe
de Bourgogne, who wanted those territories for himself. |
| |
14 August |
Dauphinist forces under the Duke d'Alençon, the Comte
d'Aumale and the Viscomte de Narbonne capture Verneuil by the ruse of having
their Scots allies pose as English prisoners. |
| |
17 August |
The Battle of Verneuil. The Duke of Bedford and the Earl of
Salisbury win a hard battle with the Dauphinist forces outside the city,
inflicting heavy casualties on the Scots contingent of the enemy. Archibald,
the Earl of Douglas, and James, the Earl of Mar are slain, along with the
Viscomte de Narbonne. The Duc d'Alençon and the Marshall Lafayette
are captured. |
| |
|
Humphrey of Gloucester tries to raise the London mob against
Henry Beaufort, who is Chancellor of England. |
| 1425 |
October |
Henry Beaufort writes to the Duke of Bedford, telling him England
is on the brink of civil war as a result of Humphrey of Gloucester's actions,
and asking to come to England as quickly as possible. |
| |
December |
The Duke of Bedford arrives in England to mediate the dispute
between Beaufort and Gloucester. He also tries, with limited success, to
raise money for further expeditions in France. |
| 1426 |
|
Richard Beauchamp is made 'Captain and Lieutenant-General of
the King and Regent in the Field'. |
| |
|
Jean, Duc de Bretagne, signs a treaty with the Dauphin at Saumer,
while his brother, with a mixed force of Bretons and Scots had taken Ponterson,
massacering the garrison. |
| 1427 |
March |
The Duke of Bedford returns to France, having been reasonably
successful at reconciling Beaufort and Gloucester. He is accompanied by
Lord Talbot, and bringing 300 men at arms and 900 archers and a new artillery
train. |
| |
April |
Lord Warwick recaptures Ponterson. |
| |
Spring |
1,900 fresh troops arrive from England to reinforce the Duke
of Bedford. |
| |
June |
The Duke of Bedford and his wife visit with the Duc de Bourgogne
at Arras. Bedford had put a stop to a new English expedition to Hainault,
and arranged a truce between Gloucester and de Bourgogne, whereby Gloucester
, having gotten an Papal bull declaring their marriage invalid, abandoned
Jacqueline of Hainault and his claims to her lands. This restores the Anglo-Burgundian
relationship, which had been strained. |
| |
15 July |
Lord Warwick, with 5,000 men and an impressive siege train,
begins bombarding Montargis. |
| |
July |
The Duke of Bedford sends the Earl of Salisbury to England to
plead with the council for money. Eventually he ends up getting 24,000 pounds
out of them, though some of that comes out of his own purse. |
| |
September |
Jean, Duc de Bretagne reaffirms his allegiance to the Treaty
of Troyes, thus restoring the triple alliance of England, Bourgogne and
Bretagne. |
| |
|
Jean, le Batard d'Orleans is sent with La Hire to reinforce
Montargis. He sends a messenger to the defenders with his plan of action,
and appears before the besieging army. As the English rush to attack, the
defenders open the sluice gates, washing away the bridge and cutting the
army in two. Jean defeats the part of the army on his side of the river,
and the defenders of Montargis sally out and attack the ones left behind.
Warwick lost a thousand men, and the remainder fled, abandoning their artillery. |
| |
|
Sir John Fastolf and a small force are defeated at Ambrières,
sparking a general revolt against English rule in Maine. |
| 1428 |
June |
The Duke of Bedford throws an enormous party (8,000 guests)
at his Hotel des Tournelles in Paris. |
| |
|
The Earl of Salibury sails from Sandwich with 450 men-at-arms,
2,250 archers, 70 masons, carpenters and bowmakers, and a new artillery
train. |
| |
July |
The Earl of Salisbury arrives in Paris. Here he and the Duke
of Bedford have a disagreement about their next objective. Salisbury wants
to attack Orleans, the key to the Dauphinist heartland. Bedford feels that
they should attack Angers, as that will solidify their control of Anjou,
and enable them to link up with the southern territories. And attacking
Orleans would be a breach of the rules of Chivalry, as the Duc d'Orleans
is a captive in England. |
| |
August |
Having prevailed in his argument with Bedford, the Earl of Salibury
begins his offensive against Orleans, capturing over 40 towns in th region
of Orleans, including Beaugency, Meung and Jargeau. |
| |
12 October |
The Earl of Salisbury invests Orléans for siege. The
English force is too small to encircle the walls fully, and there are more
defenders (2,400 troops and 3,000 militia, under the command of the Seiur
de Gaucort) than there are besiegers (The English numbers had fallen to
4,000, plus 150 men from the Duc de Bourgogne). Undeterred, Salisbury decides
to assault the main bridge across the river. |
| |
20 October |
The Earl of Salisbury climbs up to the third story of the Tourelles,
so survey Orléans. A bombard, set off as the story goes by a schoolboy,
blows a hole in the tower, killing one of his officers and dislodging an
iron bar which slices through Salisbury's visor and cuts away half his face. |
| |
27 October |
After a week of agony, the Earl of Salisbury dies, genuinely
mourned by his men. Command goes to the Earl of Suffolk. Suffolk is a more
unimaginative soldier, disinclined to take risks, and unlucky on top of
that. He continues th siege in a lackadasical fashion, leaving a garrison
at Tourelles, and retiring the bulk of the troops to winter quarters. |
| |
1 December |
Lord Talbot and Lord Scales bring the troops back forward and
circle Orléans with a series of 60 wooden earthworks. Even this is
ineffective, as if fails to prevent the Bastard of Orléans along
with La Hire, Poton de Xaintrailles and 500 fresh troops from reinforcing
the city. |
| 1429 |
12 February |
The Battle of Rouvray (the Battle of the Herrings). Sir John
Fastolf, escorting supplies (Lenten food - lentils and herring) to Orléans
with 500 English archers and 1,000 Parisian militia, is attacked. Having
circled his wagons, Fastolf repulses the attack. |
| |
March |
Jehanne d'Arc is approved by church scholars in Poitiers and
is given command of an army which she leads to Orléans. |
| |
April |
The Duke of Bedford writes to the Council pleading for men.
He is sent 100 men-at-arms. |
| |
29 April |
Several barges laden with supplies slip past the English (who
were distracted by a mock assault on one of the earthworks) and enter Orléans. |
| |
30 April |
Jehanne d'Arc, with a small escort, rides into Orléans. |
| |
18 May |
Jehanne d'Arc lifts the siege of Orléans |
| |
Early to mid June |
Jehanne d'Arc takes Jargeau, Meung-sur-Loire, and Beaugency. |
| |
18 June |
Jehanne d'Arc defeats an English Army at Patay. |
| |
17 July |
The Dauphin Charles is crowned Charles VII at Reims |
| |
29 December |
Charles VII ennobles Jehanne d'Arc and her family |
| 1430 |
23 May |
Jehanne d'Arc is captured by Burgundian forces at Compiègne,
and subsequently sold to the English for 10,000 livres. |
| |
25 December |
Jehanne d'Arc is placed in captivity in Rouen, where she remains
through her trial |